2. Methods

2. Methods 

2.1 Equipment List 

6 Plastic cups, 6 cup lids, 6 straws, blue tack, 10g + 20g + 30g + 40g + 50g of salt, 100ml measuring beaker, 200ml of water, 2 data loggers, 6 temperature sensors

2.2 Diagrams of experimental setup

Figure 1: Experimental setup used to detect the radioactive levels of the Americium-241 

2.3 Procedures

0. Prepare 200ml of water each for each cups

1. Set up the experiment, as shown in the diagram above.

2. No salt for first cup, pour 5 grams of salt into the second cup, do the same for the rest except add 5 grams more everytime you pour into a new cup

3. Pour 200ml of water into the cups. Do not add salt for the first cup.

4. Put the straw in the cup of water and blue tack the bottom of it, put it through the cup lids that are placed on the cups

5. Put cup into freezer, wait for water to freeze

6. Take out once water is frozen, wait for the temperature to stay the same for a while

7. Once salt gets added in the next round, measure salinity through the formula. By using a temperature sensor and putting it into the straw, and using a data logger for results.

8. Save the 2 files.

9. Repeat the experiment 2 times. ( Steps 1-8 ), using 0g, 10g, 20g, 30g, 40g, 50g

2.4 Data Analysis

10. Calculate the average melting points of ice.

11. Plot a table graph which shows the melting point of ice depending on the amount of salt.

Table 1: Melting point of ice depending on the amount of salt

Salinity ( g/ml )	mp1/°C	mp2/°C	Average of melting points ( °C )	Remarks
0.00	0	0	0	It is accurate
0.05	-3	-3	-3	It is accurate
0.10	-7	-7	-7	It is accurate
0.15	-10	-10	-10	It is accurate
0.20	-13	-13	-13	It is accurate
0.25	-17	-17	-17	It is accurate

12. Plot a graph of melting point against the mass of salt used.

Fig 2 : Graph of melting point against the mass of salt used

13. From the chart, we can find out the lowest melting point ice could go with the amount of salt

2.5 Risk Assessment

Risk	Assessment	Management
Glass beaker could shatter, and may impale your feet.	Medium	Do not put beaker on table edge
May accidentally stab yourself with the probe.	High	Be careful to point edge of probe away from self
Styrofoam cups may break into pieces, may be very small and enter the body through the nose.	Medium	Wear a mask(Done)
As the experiment involves water, spillage could occur and it would be slippery	High	Wear footwear that would decrease chances of slipping, avoid wearing socks